References (provenance only)

• GB/T 10595-2017 Belt conveyors — preferred width, speed, pulley and idler series (excerpt only).
• DTII(A) fixed belt conveyor design/selection handbook — CN resistance and model mapping (method reference).
• ISO 5048 — continuous mechanical handling equipment (simplified resistance path).
• CEMA Belt Conveyors for Bulk Materials, 5th ed. (2002) — Ch.4 capacity tables + Ch.6 horsepower (method reference only).
• Conveyor Machinery Design Handbook Table 1-3 — max cross-sectional area S (note: from ISO 5048-79); belt-speed guidance and related process notes (method reference only — not standard PDFs).
• Handbook pp.384–388 (PDF pp.400–404) — input data, belt speed, cross-section/bandwidth/capacity formulas (3-1)–(3-6) (method reference only).

Model assumptions

• CN method: B = sqrt(Q/(ρ × K × v × C × ξ)), N₀ = (k₁ × L × v + k₂ × Q × L + 0.00273 × Q × H) × k₃ × k₄ + N′ + N″, N = N₀ × k₀/η.
• Material presets (alumina, bauxite, limestone, etc.) supply editable coefficients — not fixed industry mandates.
• Embedded tables are programmatic excerpts (GB/T 10595-2017 series, DTII(A) model hints) with version tag in code — not copies of standard PDFs.
• Braking/startup check is simplified screening; detailed transient analysis is out of scope.
• CN, ISO 5048 and CEMA share one SI calculation graph (1989 cross-section + resistance) with method Profiles for coefficients, rounding series and acceptance; k₁–k₄ apply to CN shaft power only — cross-profile power mismatch is expected.
• After calculation, pack minimums are reference only; design picks may move upward on standard series only—derived geometry and drive use design values. Zero inputs auto-estimate from pack or geometry. Braking check is simplified screening.
• Cross-section S from handbook Table 1-3 (ISO 5048-79 lineage) or Profile-specific SSOT: discrete lookup by B, θ, λ — no S interpolation; Q = 3600 × ρ × S × v × C × ξ (ρ: t/m³, S: m²).
• Handbook pp.384–388: (3-1) A=y·B², (3-2) B=sqrt(Q'/(3600·ρ·v·ψ·c·k)), (3-3) Q=3600·v·A·ρ·c; dynamic θ ≈ 70% of static repose α. Kernel SSOT ISO 5048-79 Table 1-3 discrete S(B,θ,λ).
• Cross-section: CN Profile uses ISO 5048-79 Table 1-3 discrete lookup (θ≈0.7α round-up); ISO/CEMA Profiles use ISO 5048:1989 eq (14)(15) geometry (θ≈0.75α). No interpolation on S.
• CEMA Profile uses CEMA 5th ed. (2002) Ch.4 Table 4-2 discrete capacity at 100 fpm (scaled to speed) for bandwidth and Ch.6 eq (1)(2) for shaft HP (Kt=1; Tp/Tam/Tac omitted in screening v1). CN Profile uses handbook Table 1-3; ISO Profile uses ISO 5048:1989 geometry.
• Cross-section inputs α, λ and optional θ/K overrides are shared; K and F are derived read-only at calc unless K_override>0.

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Belt speed selection (Conveyor Machinery Design Handbook)

• Prefer higher belt speed when throughput is large and belt width is wide.
• Prefer higher speed on long horizontal runs; reduce speed when inclination is large or conveying distance is short.
• Prefer lower speed for free-rolling, coarse, abrasive or dusty materials — especially where hygiene matters.
• For feeding or high-dust duty, belt speed may be 0.8–1.0 m/s, or set from material and process requirements.
• During manual batching/weighing, belt speed should not exceed 1.25 m/s.
• With plough unloaders, belt speed should not exceed 2.0 m/s.
• With tripper cars, speed is generally ≤ 2.5 m/s; up to 3.15 m/s is allowed for fines or small lumps.
• When a belt scale is installed, follow the automatic weigher manufacturer limits.
• For single packaged items or parts, belt speed is generally below 1.25 m/s.